Cómo instalar paquetes en Debian Wheezy en 2019
Debian Wheezy (versión 7) fue liberada en 2013 y su soporte extendido (LTS) finalizó en mayo de 2018. No hace mucho tiempo a decir verdad, pero es cierto que lleva más de 1 año sin soporte. Es altamente recomendable pasar de manera urgente a una versión posterior como Debian 10, o por qué no mejor Devuan ASCII.
Sin embargo este es uno de esos casos de "eso no se toca" y no se puede migrar aún. Pero, algo ha fallado y necesito arreglarlo instalado un paquete.
El problema es que, al finalizar el soporte, el repositorio ha pasado al archivo de Debian, y al ejecutar
apt-get update se hace evidente:root@debian7:~# apt-get update Ign http://ftp.debian.org wheezy Release.gpg Ign http://ftp.debian.org wheezy-backports Release.gpg Ign http://security.debian.org wheezy/updates Release.gpg Ign http://http.debian.net wheezy-backports Release.gpg Ign http://ftp.debian.org wheezy Release Ign http://http.debian.net wheezy-backports Release Ign http://ftp.debian.org wheezy-backports Release Ign http://security.debian.org wheezy/updates Release Ign http://security.debian.org wheezy/updates/main amd64 Packages/DiffIndex Ign http://security.debian.org wheezy/updates/contrib amd64 Packages/DiffIndex Ign http://ftp.debian.org wheezy/main amd64 Packages/DiffIndex Ign http://http.debian.net wheezy-backports/main amd64 Packages/DiffIndex Ign http://ftp.debian.org wheezy/contrib amd64 Packages/DiffIndex Ign http://http.debian.net wheezy-backports/main i386 Packages/DiffIndex Ign http://ftp.debian.org wheezy/non-free amd64 Packages/DiffIndex Ign http://ftp.debian.org wheezy/main i386 Packages/DiffIndex Ign http://security.debian.org wheezy/updates/non-free amd64 Packages/DiffIndex Ign http://security.debian.org wheezy/updates/main i386 Packages/DiffIndex Ign http://security.debian.org wheezy/updates/contrib i386 Packages/DiffIndex Ign http://ftp.debian.org wheezy/contrib i386 Packages/DiffIndex Err http://http.debian.net wheezy-backports/main amd64 Packages Ign http://ftp.debian.org wheezy/non-free i386 Packages/DiffIndex Ign http://security.debian.org wheezy/updates/non-free i386 Packages/DiffIndex Err http://http.debian.net wheezy-backports/main i386 Packages Err http://security.debian.org wheezy/updates/non-free amd64 Packages Err http://http.debian.net wheezy-backports/main amd64 Packages Err http://http.debian.net wheezy-backports/main i386 Packages Err http://security.debian.org wheezy/updates/non-free i386 Packages Ign http://ftp.debian.org wheezy-backports/main amd64 Packages/DiffIndex Ign http://ftp.debian.org wheezy-backports/contrib amd64 Packages/DiffIndex Err http://http.debian.net wheezy-backports/main amd64 Packages Err http://http.debian.net wheezy-backports/main i386 Packages Err http://security.debian.org wheezy/updates/non-free amd64 Packages Ign http://ftp.debian.org wheezy-backports/non-free amd64 Packages/DiffIndex Ign http://ftp.debian.org wheezy-backports/main i386 Packages/DiffIndex Err http://security.debian.org wheezy/updates/non-free i386 Packages Ign http://ftp.debian.org wheezy-backports/contrib i386 Packages/DiffIndex Ign http://ftp.debian.org wheezy-backports/non-free i386 Packages/DiffIndex Err http://http.debian.net wheezy-backports/main amd64 Packages Err http://http.debian.net wheezy-backports/main i386 Packages Err http://security.debian.org wheezy/updates/non-free amd64 Packages Ign http://http.debian.net wheezy-backports/main Translation-en_US Ign http://http.debian.net wheezy-backports/main Translation-en Err http://security.debian.org wheezy/updates/non-free i386 Packages Err http://http.debian.net wheezy-backports/main amd64 Packages 404 Not Found Ign http://security.debian.org wheezy/updates/contrib Translation-en_US Ign http://security.debian.org wheezy/updates/contrib Translation-en Ign http://security.debian.org wheezy/updates/main Translation-en_US Ign http://security.debian.org wheezy/updates/main Translation-en Ign http://security.debian.org wheezy/updates/non-free Translation-en_US Err http://http.debian.net wheezy-backports/main i386 Packages 404 Not Found Ign http://security.debian.org wheezy/updates/non-free Translation-en Err http://security.debian.org wheezy/updates/main amd64 Packages 404 Not Found Err http://security.debian.org wheezy/updates/contrib amd64 Packages 404 Not Found Err http://security.debian.org wheezy/updates/non-free amd64 Packages 404 Not Found Err http://security.debian.org wheezy/updates/main i386 Packages 404 Not Found Err http://security.debian.org wheezy/updates/contrib i386 Packages 404 Not Found Err http://security.debian.org wheezy/updates/non-free i386 Packages 404 Not Found Ign http://ftp.debian.org wheezy/contrib Translation-en_US Ign http://ftp.debian.org wheezy/contrib Translation-en Ign http://ftp.debian.org wheezy/main Translation-en_US Ign http://ftp.debian.org wheezy/main Translation-en Ign http://ftp.debian.org wheezy/non-free Translation-en_US Ign http://ftp.debian.org wheezy/non-free Translation-en Ign http://ftp.debian.org wheezy-backports/contrib Translation-en_US Ign http://ftp.debian.org wheezy-backports/contrib Translation-en Ign http://ftp.debian.org wheezy-backports/main Translation-en_US Ign http://ftp.debian.org wheezy-backports/main Translation-en Ign http://ftp.debian.org wheezy-backports/non-free Translation-en_US Ign http://ftp.debian.org wheezy-backports/non-free Translation-en Err http://ftp.debian.org wheezy/main amd64 Packages 404 Not Found Err http://ftp.debian.org wheezy/contrib amd64 Packages 404 Not Found Err http://ftp.debian.org wheezy/non-free amd64 Packages 404 Not Found Err http://ftp.debian.org wheezy/main i386 Packages 404 Not Found Err http://ftp.debian.org wheezy/contrib i386 Packages 404 Not Found Err http://ftp.debian.org wheezy/non-free i386 Packages 404 Not Found Err http://ftp.debian.org wheezy-backports/main amd64 Packages 404 Not Found Err http://ftp.debian.org wheezy-backports/contrib amd64 Packages 404 Not Found Err http://ftp.debian.org wheezy-backports/non-free amd64 Packages 404 Not Found Err http://ftp.debian.org wheezy-backports/main i386 Packages 404 Not Found Err http://ftp.debian.org wheezy-backports/contrib i386 Packages 404 Not Found Err http://ftp.debian.org wheezy-backports/non-free i386 Packages 404 Not Found W: Failed to fetch http://security.debian.org/dists/wheezy/updates/main/binary-amd64/Packages 404 Not Found W: Failed to fetch http://security.debian.org/dists/wheezy/updates/contrib/binary-amd64/Packages 404 Not Found W: Failed to fetch http://ftp.debian.org/debian/dists/wheezy/main/binary-amd64/Packages 404 Not Found W: Failed to fetch http://http.debian.net/debian/dists/wheezy-backports/main/binary-amd64/Packages 404 Not Found W: Failed to fetch http://ftp.debian.org/debian/dists/wheezy/contrib/binary-amd64/Packages 404 Not Found W: Failed to fetch http://http.debian.net/debian/dists/wheezy-backports/main/binary-i386/Packages 404 Not Found W: Failed to fetch http://ftp.debian.org/debian/dists/wheezy/non-free/binary-amd64/Packages 404 Not Found W: Failed to fetch http://ftp.debian.org/debian/dists/wheezy/main/binary-i386/Packages 404 Not Found W: Failed to fetch http://security.debian.org/dists/wheezy/updates/non-free/binary-amd64/Packages 404 Not Found W: Failed to fetch http://security.debian.org/dists/wheezy/updates/main/binary-i386/Packages 404 Not Found W: Failed to fetch http://security.debian.org/dists/wheezy/updates/contrib/binary-i386/Packages 404 Not Found W: Failed to fetch http://ftp.debian.org/debian/dists/wheezy/contrib/binary-i386/Packages 404 Not Found W: Failed to fetch http://ftp.debian.org/debian/dists/wheezy/non-free/binary-i386/Packages 404 Not Found W: Failed to fetch http://security.debian.org/dists/wheezy/updates/non-free/binary-i386/Packages 404 Not Found W: Failed to fetch http://ftp.debian.org/debian/dists/wheezy-backports/main/binary-amd64/Packages 404 Not Found W: Failed to fetch http://ftp.debian.org/debian/dists/wheezy-backports/contrib/binary-amd64/Packages 404 Not Found W: Failed to fetch http://ftp.debian.org/debian/dists/wheezy-backports/non-free/binary-amd64/Packages 404 Not Found W: Failed to fetch http://ftp.debian.org/debian/dists/wheezy-backports/main/binary-i386/Packages 404 Not Found W: Failed to fetch http://ftp.debian.org/debian/dists/wheezy-backports/contrib/binary-i386/Packages 404 Not Found W: Failed to fetch http://ftp.debian.org/debian/dists/wheezy-backports/non-free/binary-i386/Packages 404 Not Found E: Some index files failed to download. They have been ignored, or old ones used instead.
El repositorio para Debian Wheezy ya no está disponible. Por eso los errores "404 Not Found".
Esto no significa que no sea posible instalar paquetes. Siempre es posible descargar el
.deb desde cualquier mirror e instalarlo manualmente con dpkg. Pero, tal como mencionaba, los repositorio de las versiones de Debian sin soporte no desaparecen, sino que pasan al archivo.
Afortunadamente es posible descargar e instalar paquetes desde este archivo sin problemas, como si se tratase de un repositorio normal. Para comenzar, borrar todos los archivos dentro del directorio
/etc/apt/sources.list.d/. Luego editar el archivo /etc/apt/sources.list:root@debian7:~# nano /etc/apt/sources.list
Borrar todo su contenido y agregar las siguientes líneas:
deb http://archive.debian.org/debian/ wheezy contrib main non-free deb http://archive.debian.org/debian-security wheezy/updates contrib main non-free
Esto funciona para cualquier otra distribución en el archivo, simplemente reemplazar "wheezy" por "squeezy", "lenny", o la distribución que sea.
Luego es necesario agregar una regla de configuración para que se ignore la fecha de expiración del archivo de
Release. Esto es necesario para evitar errores del tipo:E: Release file for http://archive.debian.org/debian-security/dists/wheezy/updates/Release is expired (invalid since 232d 20h 22min 7s). Updates for this repository will not be applied.
Crear un nuevo archivo de configuración, por ejemplo
80expired, dentro del directorio /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/:root@debian7:~# nano /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/80expired
Agregar la siguiente configuración:
Acquire::Check-Valid-Until "0";
Ahora es posible actualizar la base de datos de paquetes e instalar cualquier paquete disponible en el archivo:
root@debian7:~# apt-get install debian-archive-keyring
root@debian7:~# apt-get update Hit http://archive.debian.org wheezy Release.gpg Get:1 http://archive.debian.org wheezy/updates Release.gpg [1,601 B] Hit http://archive.debian.org wheezy Release Hit http://archive.debian.org wheezy/updates Release Get:2 http://archive.debian.org wheezy/contrib Translation-en [34.8 kB] Get:3 http://archive.debian.org wheezy/main Translation-en [3,846 kB] Get:4 http://archive.debian.org wheezy/non-free Translation-en [66.1 kB] Get:5 http://archive.debian.org wheezy/updates/contrib Translation-en [14 B] Get:6 http://archive.debian.org wheezy/updates/main Translation-en [338 kB] Get:7 http://archive.debian.org wheezy/updates/non-free Translation-en [593 B] Get:8 http://archive.debian.org wheezy/main amd64 Packages [7,634 kB] Get:9 http://archive.debian.org wheezy/contrib amd64 Packages [50.5 kB] Get:10 http://archive.debian.org wheezy/non-free amd64 Packages [100 kB] Get:11 http://archive.debian.org wheezy/main i386 Packages [7,660 kB] Get:12 http://archive.debian.org wheezy/contrib i386 Packages [50.9 kB] Get:13 http://archive.debian.org wheezy/non-free i386 Packages [96.4 kB] Get:14 http://archive.debian.org wheezy/updates/main amd64 Packages [743 kB] Get:15 http://archive.debian.org wheezy/updates/contrib amd64 Packages [20 B] Get:16 http://archive.debian.org wheezy/updates/non-free amd64 Packages [734 B] Get:17 http://archive.debian.org wheezy/updates/main i386 Packages [749 kB] Get:18 http://archive.debian.org wheezy/updates/contrib i386 Packages [20 B] Get:19 http://archive.debian.org wheezy/updates/non-free i386 Packages [732 B] Fetched 21.4 MB in 15s (1,418 kB/s) Reading package lists... Done
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